sexta-feira, 3 de fevereiro de 2023

Why did the USSR end?

Why did the USSR end?
It was clear that many years would have to pass for the reasons for the end of the former USSR to be revealed. It would not be obvious to immediately perceive the macroeconomic reasons for the end of an international political arrangement that was affecting 90% of humanity.
Until we reach universal suffrage, which seems to be a concession of humanity's progress, on the contrary, it was the way out to contain public opinion that was increasingly autonomous and autarkic, increasingly popular participation in the closed decisions of the powerful families that governed people's lives. , the belief that people could use their discretionary power against all other people who were neither rich nor belonged to the powerful elite that held influence and unlimited power over all the rest of the insignificant subjects of the kingdom was breaking down.
So, the revolts of the underprivileged, the slaves, the pots submitted to the power of a power increased more and more expenses for the maintenance of internal and external security, more and more expenses to maintain the system of loyalties and vassalage, only trusting on the trust and loyalty of the given word, or the cannons, and before the cannons, the force of the swords, the cavalry, the spears and the arrows of the bows, in short, it was a system of brute force, intimidation and coercion, coercion to maintain the power system.
The cost of surveillance of black slaves in a large continent such as Brazil made the purchase price of slaves skyrocket, transforming them into the most expensive commodity in the world, surpassing all profits from trafficking in gold, coffee, sugar, Brazilwood, the rewards for recapturing slaves were so high that the limit for recovering escaped slaves expanded Brazil's borders far beyond the limits set by the Tordesillas Agreement between Portugal and Spain, making Brazil increase its territory thousands of times since its discovery .
The solution was happening in increasing degrees of popular participation, from the tribunes of the Roman empire, where senators of the poor and the rich represented society in the Roman republic, in the Greek system popular participation, although restricted to less than twenty percent, was enough to remove the absolute power from the king, and from the royal court, then came the bicameral system where in the Middle Ages the clergy and the nobility shared power, making a diarchy that danced a minuet where a capillary system of vassalage the less powerful were able to the guarantee of security against power disputes between small landowners and the abuse of power by a more aggressive king who would disorganize the property system of the manors, safeguarding the condominiums from power through alliances between kings and feudal lords, thereby it was 988 years of perfect control of intra elite power disputes.
The infidelities and the system of appropriation of people from the poorest families, and even from the lower classes ended up mixing through the bastard children of the nobles, and this circulation of the elites made to contain the total lack of connection between the classes, nobody could prevent that a poor beautiful young woman could arouse the passion of a noble knight, nor prevent a skilled knight from being recruited from the lowest ranks to be a combatant of the royal cavalry.
Finally, the age of enlightenment completely eliminated the idea that the people should be eternally alienated from power and the ideas of equality between people regardless of their origin began to destroy the concept of noble blood, of nobility and hereditary power, as I said. the Italian philosopher Vilfredo Paretto, the decadence of the noble elites depended on the innate ability of the first born of the successions in the nobility, and not always the prince inherits the will and the abilities and the desire to lead a nation or a kingdom, the political abilities are not inherited , neither intelligence nor any vice or virtue can be simply inherited by the descendant.
It was quickly realized that noble families cannot depend on hereditary succession, not always the natural heir is the right intellectual and political heir, this causes what Pareto called the deterioration, decay, deterioration of the elites.
“It was only with the liberal reformism of Giovanni Giolitti and the incorporation of Catholics and moderate socialists into national political life that liberalism finally found a few years of stability. which would give him a comfortable majority in Parliament, and make male suffrage universal, world war began. The warlike conflict had dramatic consequences across Europe and particularly in Italy. “ Pareto, Gaetano Mosca.
The cruel incorporation of the masses into the system of government did not start, but exploded in the French Revolution, then came the Russian Revolution, the new ideologies of equality such as Communism and Socialism, Fascism, Nazism began to collapse the system of privileges of the separate group that believed to be the sole owner of power, for various reasons, from wealth, or by tradition, by family lineage, in short, the people wanted to participate and be the political power.
In England there was an agreement between the nobility that allowed the creation of parliament, with nobles and popular; in France the royal was beheaded and killed; as in the Russia of the tsars, which served as a model for the end of the noble houses of Europe, then, everyone wanted to know who the majority of the population wanted to be their ruler, so they thought of a contest where each citizen would put the name of their candidate in a ticket and the most popular would be your ruler. The electoral system was invented.
Currently, some ignorant people think that by appropriating the electoral machines that include the control of political parties and vote counting machines, they can deceive citizens about who is the most popular among the citizens that the majority dreams and wants to see governing.
When there is fraud in the electoral system, people who form the majority realize that their preferred candidate is not in power by the general will, so the same feeling that people were used to feeling when they were governed by people they didn't want at that time of the kings and emperors, then the feeling is of loss of legitimacy of the fraudulently chosen.
There is no electoral fraud, because the people accept with wisdom and satisfaction only what is in the majority's desire, and that majority is called public opinion, so if you try to rig an election you are deceiving yourself, because it is not the system and the electoral process who appoints the ruler, elections help to discover and reveal the one that the people imagine or want to see as their favorite, not being the preferred dissatisfaction with the legally chosen usurper causes a crisis of legitimacy and politics, therefore, it is of interest everyone really knows who the people have in their hearts as their leader and most popular leader, otherwise a crisis is created that will end as it always ended with those who wanted power without being wanted by their subjects.
Why can't an election be rigged? An election is like a thermometer to know if the patient has a fever. A good doctor cannot deceive the patient with a false scale on the thermometer just to make it seem that the temperature is pleasant and normal, with the intention of avoiding the patient's panic, as do doctors who try to calm relatives and often hide their condition. terminal. When, at the beginning of the 20th century, strikes and demonstrations in Europe were destroying the economy because of the dissatisfaction of the people with the rulers in Italy, France, Germany, Russia, the way out was to choose a ruler to the liking of the people, even so 600,000 died people in war and conflicts in Europe. Pretending that the ruler chosen by fraudulent vote is the population's favorite is the same as hiding from the patient that he is going to die and is in a terminal state, the population will revolt and the leader will sooner or later be expelled from power, it was like that in French Revolution, the Russian Revolution, and all of them. Broken thermometer does not bring down the fever.

Roberto da Silva Rocha, professor universitário e cientista político

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