ʻŌlelo Aʻo no ka AI

ʻŌlelo Aʻo no ka AI

Nui ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hiki o AI, e pani i nā hana kanaka a e ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou, akā ʻaʻole nui ka ʻōlelo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hiki ʻana o AI i nā mea he nui akā ʻo ke akamai, malia paha he hana, akā ʻaʻole loa he akamai.

E like me ka mea i kūkākūkā ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o AI i nā makahiki 1960, ua haʻalele ʻia ka inoa AI no kahi inoa ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻole, ʻo ia ke kumu i manaʻo ai nā mea noiʻi AI mua e hoʻohālike i ka lolo kanaka, no laila nā inoa i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana e like me:

a) lolo uila;

b) ʻIke Hana;

c) nā pūnaewele neural;

d) nā ʻōnaehana loea.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā Aristotelian, ua māhele ʻia ka ʻike kanaka a ua wehewehe ʻia i nā wahi ʻokoʻa loa a me ka ʻokoʻa, no laila ua puka mai nā ʻepekema a me nā hana noʻonoʻo kanaka, i māhele ʻia i:

a) ʻIke Pilikino;

b) Lāʻau Lapaʻau;

c) Nā Hana Noʻeau;

d) Kaua;

e) Hoʻomana;

f) Kālai'āina;

g) Astrology.

Ua pau ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pane kū hoʻokahi i nā nīnau āpau o ke ao holoʻokoʻa a pono e hāʻawi i nā wahi ʻike ʻē aʻe i hoʻokūkū ikaika i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka piha i hōʻike ʻia e nā puke kapu a me nā manaʻoʻiʻo, nā manaʻo kuhihewa, ka fetishism, a me ka animism nāna i kuleana no ka wehewehe ʻana i ke kumu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ke ola, ka laki, ka wā e hiki mai ana, a me ka hopena o nā mea āpau a me nā mea āpau, e wehewehe ana i nā kānāwai o ke ʻano a me nā kānāwai o ke kumu a me ka mana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea, nā holoholona, ​​a me nā hanana o nā ʻano āpau.

A laila, i ka wā hou, ua puka mai ka Positivism, kahi i hōʻuluʻulu ai ka mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Auguste Comte i ka ʻike mai Aristotle lāua ʻo Galileo ma kahi ʻano hana ʻepekema hou, e loli mau ana, i ka refutationism o Karl Popper, i ka pōkole:

a) ke ʻano hana ʻepekema;

b) ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke ʻano noiʻi ʻepekema;

c) Ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻike kūʻē;

d) ʻO ka mau loa ʻole o ka ʻike mua.

No laila, ʻo ka māhele hoʻoholo o ka ʻike kanaka i nā wahi kikoʻī ka ulu mua a me ka hope o ka ʻepekema i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ai iā ia iho mai ka Philosophy, Mysticism, Religion, tradition, a me ka manaʻo kuhihewa.

I nā makahiki 1950, he kakaikahi nā noho ʻenekinia:

a) koa;

b) moku kaua;

c) kīwila;

d) uila;

e) agronomic;

f) mīkini;

ʻAʻole pono e ʻōlelo, ua māhele ʻia nā noho ʻenekinia uila i nā ʻoihana kūikawā ʻē aʻe:

a) uila;

b) mana;

c) microelectronics;

d) kamaʻilio;

e) kikohoʻe;

f) pūnaewele;

g) makemakika a me nā hana Boolean kikohoʻe;

No laila, he mea maʻamau no ka AI ke loea i kāna mau lālā kikoʻī o ka mākaukau, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā AI ke hana me kēlā me kēia wahi o ka ʻike kanaka; no laila, ua pani ʻia ka inoa ʻo AI e Expert Computing Systems, a i ʻole Expert Systems - ES. ​​ʻAʻole i kaulana kēia inoa hou no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona hoihoi kūʻai aku, ʻaʻole kūʻai maikaʻi ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki, a ʻaʻole hoʻokumu i nā manaʻolana o ka ulu piha ʻana o ka lolo.

Nā Māhele o AI, a i ʻole Expert Systems (ES)

1 – Analog;

2 – Digital.

Ua ʻike ʻia ka lālā analog ES ma ka mākeke ma ke ʻano he AI ​​kalepa e hoʻopunipuni ana i nā kikokikona, hiki ke hana i nā manaʻo heuristic wehewehe e pili ana i kahi kumuhana i loko o nā kūlana o ka wehewehe kikokikona grammatical o ka ʻōlelo, me nā unuhi maikaʻi loa, e ʻimi ana i ke ʻano maʻamau o ke grammar, nā kiko, ka hoʻonui ʻana, ke kau ʻana o ka pronoun, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a me nā wā e like me ke kūlana ʻōlelo o kēlā me kēia ʻōlelo i ka loiloi syntactic.

Hoʻokumu ʻia kāna algorithm ma nā lula o ka semantics a me nā helu helu ma kahi waihona ʻikepili ākea mai kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā haʻiʻōlelo i mālama ʻia i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ke kumuhana, ka ʻoihana kūikawā o ka ʻike kanaka ma nā humanities, e like me:

a) Mōʻaukala;

b) Kālai'āina;

c) Hoʻomana;

d) Ethics;

e) Nā Kānāwai;

f) Nā Kūlana;

g) Geography;

f) Arts;

g) Biographies;

h) Biology;

i) Geology;

j) Astronomy;

k) Pedagogy;

A pēlā aku, me nā ʻoihana loea ma mua o 2000 e hana i kāu papa kuhikuhi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pane, e like me ChatGPT, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ia ʻano.

2 – Digital SE

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kikohoʻe ma ka ʻike mai nā ʻoihana o ka makemakika, a i ʻole ka pololei, ʻepekema, e like me:

a) Makemakika;

b) Physics;

c) Kemika;

d) Heluhelu;

e) ʻenekinia;

f) Geometry;

h) Astrophysics.

No laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻoiai e kaupalena ʻia e nā palena noʻonoʻo o ka Makemakika a me ka Physics ponoʻī.

Loaʻa i nā kaʻina hana ma SE e pili ana i ka Makemakika nā palena koʻikoʻi i loko o ka Makemakika, no ka laʻana:

a) Matrices a hiki i ka pae ʻekolu;

b) Hana ʻo Algebra me ʻekolu mau loli kūʻokoʻa i ka manawa like;

c) Integrals wale nō a hiki i ke kēkelē ʻekolu; d) Nā palena o ka physics e hana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā loli ma o ke kumu hoʻohālike a me ka abstraction;

e) Ka nalowale ʻana o ka ʻike ma nā derivatives me nā equations e loaʻa ana nā constants;

f) Ka palena o ka hewa i nā helu palena a me ka trigonometry;

g) Nā ʻano mau like ʻole e like me pi, 0!, mahele ʻia e ka zero, exponent zero, mahele ʻana o nā primes ma waena o lākou iho, nā hakina, ke kumu huinahā o ʻelua, a me nā wehewehe ad hoc ʻē aʻe he nui;

No laila, ʻo ka hopena i hiki mai ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana o nā palena o AI a i ʻole SE me nā palena like o ka ʻike kanaka, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhaki ʻia i loko o kēia mau algorithms. ʻO nā mea AI a i ʻole SE, a eia kekahi, ua māhele ʻia nā kahua ʻike o AI a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui wale ʻia me ka ʻole o ka loiloi a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike akamai kanaka ma o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka ʻike kanaka, nā lula, nā alakaʻi a me nā palena o ka ʻike kanaka, a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o lākou.

Roberto da Silva Rocha, professor universitário e cientista político