sábado, 19 de novembro de 2022

Praises to God

Praises to God
Where is the list of gifts and offerings to please God found in the Holy Bible?
The list is large and detailed, from the book of Genesis to the book of Deuteronomy, followed by the meticulous description of the offerings, the altar of sacrifices, the people authorized to carry the offerings, the punishments for those who are not authorized to offer the sacrifice. , those who may enter the sacrificial site, the proper clothing for the sacrificial site, and the appearance of the people at the sacrificial site, the permissible clothing, and all the proper ritual for the sacrificial ceremony.
There is a distinction between the determination of God and that found in the book of Psalms where a writer describes what he in his human essence writes as in his vision the God Yahweh should be praised, but the mere fact that it is described in the book of Psalms of It in no way represents what God dictated to his servants, it is not the same formula described in Leviticus.
So God Yahweh dictated exactly what he wanted the praise of Him to be, and no one was authorized, not even the psalmists, were authorized to change a single phrase or word described about the sacred rituals of sacrifices.
The second sacrifice in human history made by Noah.
And Noah built an altar to the Lord; and he took of every clean animal and of every clean fowl, and offered a burnt offering on the altar.

Genesis 8:20

The first human sacrifice was the work of Abel.

And Abel also brought of the firstlings of his flock, and of their fat; and the LORD had respect to Abel and to his offering.

Genesis 4:4

The bible details the true and authentic way of offering offerings to the God Jehovah and throughout the other texts the stubbornness and irreverence with moral decay and the practice of blasphemies against the Lord and profanation against the commandments and ordinances.



Sacrifice was always expected, like the first meeting of Abraham, the patriarch, with the Lord.

And the Lord appeared to Abram, and said, To your seed I will give this land. And he built there an altar to the Lord, who had appeared to him.

Genesis 12:7



Then the firstborn said to the younger, Our father is old, and there is no man in the land to come among us, according to the custom of all the earth;
Come, let us make our father drink wine, and let us lie with him, that we may preserve our father's seed alive.
And they made their father drink wine that night; and the firstborn came and lay down with her father, and he felt not when she lay down, nor when she arose.

Genesis 19:31-33



There were no certain prohibitions regarding sexual behavior as in later times.



And indeed, she is also my sister, my father's daughter, but not my mother's daughter; and she became my wife;

Genesis 20:12

The incest rules aren't like they used to be.



The most famous scene in the bible where Abraham's death sacrifice for proof of his faith.

And they came to the place that God had told him about, and Abraham built an altar there and laid the wood in order, and bound Isaac his son, and laid him on the altar on top of the wood.

Genesis 22:9



This was the only offering ritual established directly by the voice of the Lord without prophets or intermediaries who could interpret or communicate his personal intellectual version.



Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them, When any one of you offers an offering to the LORD, he shall offer his cattle offering, that is, cattle and sheep.
If his offering is a burnt offering of cattle, he shall offer a male without blemish; at the door of the Tent of Meeting he shall offer it willingly before the Lord.
And he shall lay his hand on the head of the burnt offering, that it may be accepted on his behalf, for his atonement.
Then he shall slaughter the calf before the LORD; and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall offer the blood, and sprinkle the blood round about on the altar which is before the door of the Tent of Meeting.
Then he will skin the burnt offering and break it into pieces.
And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, placing the wood in order on the fire.
And Aaron's sons, the priests, shall arrange the pieces, the head, and the calf in order on the wood that is on the fire on top of the altar;
But his entrails and his legs shall be washed with water; and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar; It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet aroma to the Lord.
And if his offering is young cattle, sheep or goats for a burnt offering, he shall offer a male without blemish.
And he shall slay him beside the altar which faces north before the LORD; and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall sprinkle its blood round about on the altar.
Then he will break it into pieces, with its head and its tail; and the priest shall place them in order on the wood that is on the fire on the altar;
But the entrails and the legs will be washed with water; and the priest shall offer it all, and burn it on the altar; It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, of a sweet aroma to the Lord.
And if his offering to the Lord is a burnt offering of a ves, he will offer his offering of turtledoves or young pigeons;
And the priest shall offer it upon the altar, and shall take off its head, and burn it upon the altar; and his blood shall be wrung out on the wall of the altar;
And he shall take off its crop with its feathers, and cast it beside the altar, toward the east, in the place of ashes;
And he shall cleave it at his wings, but he shall not break it; and the priest shall burn it on the altar on the wood that is on the fire; It is a burnt offering, an offering made by fire of a sweet aroma to the LORD.

Leviticus 1:2-17



And when any person offers a food offering to the LORD, his offering shall be of fine flour, and he shall pour oil into it, and shall put incense upon it;
And he shall bring her to the sons of Aaron the priests, one of whom shall take a handful of her fine flour and her oil with all her frankincense; and the priest shall burn it as a memorial upon the altar; It is an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma to the Lord.
And what remains of the meat offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; It is most holy, from the offerings made by fire to the Lord.
And when you offer a food offering baked in the oven, it shall be unleavened cakes of fine flour, mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers smeared with oil.
And if your offering is a food offering cooked in a bowl, it shall be made from fine flour, unleavened, mixed with oil.
You shall break it in pieces, and pour oil on it; offer is food.
And if your offering is a frying pan offering, it shall be fine flour with oil.
Then thou shalt bring the food offering, which shall be made of it, unto the LORD; and she will present herself to the priest, who will take her to the altar.
And the priest shall take of that meat offering as a memorial, and shall burn it upon the altar; An offering made by fire is a sweet aroma to the Lord.
And what remains of the food offering shall belong to Aaron and his sons; It is most holy, from the offerings made by fire to the Lord.
No food offering, which you offer to the LORD, shall be made with leaven; for you shall offer no leaven or any honey as an offering made by fire to the LORD.
Of them ye shall offer unto the LORD for a firstfruits offering; but upon the altar they shall not go up for a sweet smell.
And all your meat offerings you shall season with salt; and thou shalt not let thy meat offering lack the salt of the covenant of thy God; in all your offerings you shall offer salt.
And if you offer a food offering of the firstfruits to the Lord, you shall offer it as a food offering of your firstfruits of green ears, roasted in the fire; that is, of the threshed grain of full green ears.
And thou shalt pour oil upon it, and thou shalt put incense upon it; offer is food.
So the priest shall burn his memorial of his crushed grain, and of his oil, with all his incense; an offering made by fire to the Lord.

Leviticus 2:1-16

The LORD spake further unto Moses, saying,
He speaks to the children of Israel, saying: When a soul sins, through ignorance, against some of the commandments of the Lord, concerning what must not be done, and does against any of them;
If the anointed priest sins to offend the people, he shall offer to the Lord, for his sin, which he has committed, a bull without blemish, as a sin offering.
And he shall bring the bullock to the door of the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, and shall lay his hand on the bullock's head, and slaughter the bullock before the LORD.
Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull's blood and bring it into the tent of meeting;
And the priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and he shall sprinkle the blood seven times before the Lord before the veil of the sanctuary.
And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense before the LORD who is in the Tent of Meeting; and all the rest of the bull's blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at the door of the Tent of Meeting.
And he shall take away all the fat of the bull of atonement; the fat that covers the inwards, and all the fat that is on the inwards,
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the loins, and the caul that is on the liver, with the kidneys, shall he take away,
As he takes himself from the ox of the peace offering; and the priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.
But the hide of the bull, and all its flesh, with its head and its legs, and its entrails, and its dung,
Finally, the whole bullock will be taken outside the camp to a clean place, where it is cast in ashes, and burned with fire on wood; where the ash is cast, it will burn.
But if all the congregation of Israel sin in ignorance, and the error is hidden from the eyes of the people, and if they do against some of the commandments of the Lord, what must not be done, and they are guilty,
And when the sin that they have committed is known, then the congregation shall offer a bull for a sin offering, and bring it before the tent of meeting,
And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands on the head of the bullock before the Lord; and the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord.
Then the anointed priest will bring some of the bull's blood into the tent of meeting,
And the priest shall dip his finger in that blood, and the sprinkling seven times before the Lord, before the veil.
And he shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar, which is before the Lord, in the tent of meeting; and all the rest of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar of burnt offering, which is in front of the door of the Tent of Meeting.
And he shall take away all its fat from it, and burn it on the altar;
And he will do to this bullock as he did to the bullock of atonement; so shall he do to them, and the priest shall make atonement for them, and their sin shall be forgiven.
Then he will take the bull outside the camp and burn it as he burned the first bull; it is atonement for the sin of the congregation.
When a prince sins, and through ignorance does against any of the commandments of the Lord his God, in what must not be done, and he is guilty;
Or if the sin that he has committed is made known to him, then he shall bring for his offering a male goat taken from the goats, without blemish;
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the goat, and shall slay it in the place where the burnt offering is slain, before the LORD; atonement for sin is.
Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the atonement with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; then the rest of its blood shall be poured out at the base of the altar of burnt offering.
He also shall burn all its fat on the altar as the fat of peace offerings; so the priest will make atonement for him for his sin, and it will be forgiven him.
And if any of the people of the land sin through ignorance, doing against any of the commandments of the Lord, that which should not be done, and thus be guilty;
Or if the sin that he has committed is made known to him, then he will bring for his offering a female goat without blemish, for his sin that he has committed,
And he shall lay his hand on the head of the sin offering, and slay it in the place of the burnt offering.
Then the priest shall take some of its blood with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; and all the rest of his blood he shall pour out at the base of the altar;
And he shall remove all the fat, as the fat of the peace offering is removed; and the priest shall burn it on the altar, as a sweet odor to the Lord; and the priest shall make atonement for her, and her sin shall be forgiven.
But if for his offering he brings a lamb for a sin offering, he shall bring it without blemish.
And he shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin offering, and shall slay it for a sin offering, in the place where the burnt offering is slain.
Then the priest shall take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger and put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering; then all the rest of his blood shall be poured out at the base of the altar.
And he shall remove all its fat, as one removes the fat from a lamb of peace offerings; and the priest shall burn it on the altar, on top of the Lord's offerings made by fire; so the priest will make atonement for him for his sins that he has committed, and he will be forgiven.

Leviticus 4:1-35

And when anyone sins, hearing a voice of blasphemy, which he is a witness, either because he saw it or because he knew it, if he does not report it, then he will bear his iniquity.
Or when a person touches anything unclean, whether it be the dead body of an unclean beast, or the dead body of an unclean animal, or the dead body of an unclean reptile, even if he does not know it, yet he is unclean and guilty.
Or, when he touches the filth of a man, whatever his filth, with which he makes himself filthy, and it is hidden from him, and he finds out afterward, he will be guilty.
Or, when someone swears, recklessly pronouncing with his lips, to do evil, or to do good, in whatever a man rashly pronounces with an oath, and it is hidden from him, and he later learns, he will be guilty of one of these things.
It will be, then, that, being guilty in one of these things, he will confess that in which he has sinned.
And he shall bring his atonement to the Lord for his sin which he hath committed: a female lamb, a female lamb, or a young goat for sin; so the priest will make atonement for her for her sin.
But if in his hand there is no resource for small cattle, then he will bring, to expiate the guilt he committed, to the Lord, two turtledoves or two young pigeons; one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering;
And he shall bring them to the priest, who shall first offer that which is for the atonement of sin; and with his nail he will crack his head at the neck, but he will not break it;
And he shall sprinkle some of the blood of the sin offering on the wall of the altar, but what remains of that blood shall be wrung out at the base of the altar; atonement for sin is.
And of the other shall he make a burnt offering according to the custom; so the priest will make atonement for her for her sin that she has committed, and it will be forgiven her.
However, if in his hand there is no resource for two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, then he who has sinned shall bring as an offering the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour, for atonement of sin; he shall not pour oil on it, nor put incense on it, for it is a sin offering;
And he shall bring it to the priest, and the priest of it shall take his handful of it for its memorial, and shall burn it upon the altar, upon the offerings made by fire of the LORD; atonement for sin is.
So the s The priest will make atonement for her for her sin, which she has committed in one of these things, and it will be forgiven her. and the rest shall be the priest's, like the food offering.
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
When any person commits a transgression, and sins ignorantly in the holy things of the Lord, then shall he bring to the Lord for atonement, a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy estimation in shekels of silver, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering. .
Thus shall he restore what he has sinned in holy things, and shall add the fifth part to it, and shall give it to the priest; so the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of atonement, and his sin shall be forgiven.
And if anyone sins, and does, against any of the commandments of the Lord, that which should not be done, even if he does not know it, yet he will be guilty, and will bear his iniquity;
And he shall bring to the priest a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your estimation, for a trespass offering, and the priest will make atonement for it for the error that he committed without knowing it; and he will be forgiven.
Guilt atonement is; surely he pleaded guilty before the Lord.

Leviticus 5:1-19

The LORD spake further unto Moses, saying,
When a person sins, and transgresses against the Lord, and denies his neighbor what he gave him in safekeeping, or what he left in his hand, or the robbery, or what he violently withheld from his neighbor,
Or that he has found what was lost, and denies it with a false oath, or does some other thing out of which man is wont to sin;
Will he then, because he has sinned and become guilty, restore what he stole, or what he violently withheld, or the deposit given him in trust, or what he found lost,
Or all that about which he swore falsely; and he shall restore it in full, and shall add a fifth to it; to him whose it is he shall give it on the day of his atonement.
And his atonement shall he bring to the LORD: a ram without blemish out of the flock, according to thy estimation, for a trespass offering to the priest;
And the priest will make atonement for her before the Lord, and she will be forgiven of any of the things she has done, becoming guilty.
The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying:
He commands Aaron and his sons, saying, This is the law of the burnt offering; the burnt offering shall be burned on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall burn in it.
And the priest shall put on his linen garment, and he shall put his linen breeches upon his flesh, and he shall lift up the ashes, when the fire has consumed the burnt offering on the altar, and shall put it beside the altar.
Afterwards he shall take off his garments, and put on other garments; and he will carry away the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.
The fire that is on the altar shall burn in it, it shall not be quenched; but the priest shall light wood on it each morning, and shall arrange the burnt offering upon it, and shall burn the fat of the peace offerings upon it.
The fire shall continually burn on the altar; it won't go off.
And this is the law of the food offering: the sons of Aaron shall offer it before the Lord before the altar.
And he shall take from it a handful of the fine flour, the offering and its oil, and all the incense that is on the food offering; then he shall light it on the altar, it is a sweet smell, because it is a memorial to the Lord.
And the rest of it shall eat Aaron and his sons; unleavened bread shall be eaten in the holy place, in the court of the tent of meeting shall they eat it.
Leavened will not cook; their portion I have given them of my burnt offerings; It is most holy, like the sin offering and the trespass offering.
Every male among the sons of Aaron shall eat of it; It shall be an everlasting statute for your generations of the Lord's offerings made by fire; everyone who touches them will be holy.
The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying:
This is the offering of Aaron and his sons, which they shall offer to the LORD on the day he is anointed; the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour for the continual food offering; half of it in the morning, and the other half in the afternoon.
In a casserole it will be made with oil; boiled thou shalt bring it; and the boiled pieces of the offering you shall offer as a sweet aroma to the Lord.
The priest who is anointed in his place from among his sons shall do the same; it shall be all burnt to the LORD for an everlasting statute.
Thus all the priest's offering shall be burnt up; it will not be eaten.
The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying:
Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, This is the law of atonement for sin; in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered, the sin offering will be slaughtered before the Lord; most holy thing it is.
The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it; it shall be eaten in the holy place, in the court of the Tent of Meeting.
Anything that touches the flesh of the offering will be holy; if its blood is sprinkled on anyone's garments, you shall wash it on which it fell in a holy place.
And the earthen vessel in which it is cooked shall be broken; but if it is boiled in a copper vessel, it must be rubbed and washed in water.
Every male among the priests shall eat it; most holy thing it is.
But no sin offering, the blood of which is brought into the Tent of Meeting, shall be eaten for atone in the sanctuary; in the fire it shall be burned.

Leviticus 6:1-30

And this is the law of the expiation of trespass; most holy thing it is.
In the place where they slaughter the burnt offering, they shall slaughter the trespass offering, and its blood shall be sprinkled round about on the altar.
And all her fat shall be offered from her; the tail, and the fat that covers the entrails.
Also the two kidneys, and the fat that is in them, which is on the loins, and the caul on the liver, with the kidneys shall be removed;
And the priest shall burn them on the altar as an offering made by fire to the Lord; guilt expiation is.
Every male among the priests shall eat it; in the holy place it shall be eaten; most holy thing it is.
As the atonement for sin, so is the atonement for trespass; there will be the same law for them; it shall belong to the priest who made propitiation for her.
Also the priest who offers someone's burnt offering shall have the skin of the burnt offering for himself.
And every offering that is baked in the oven, with everything that is prepared in the frying pan and in the pan, will belong to the priest who offers it.
And every offering mixed with oil, or dried, shall be for all the sons of Aaron, for one as for another.
And this is the law of peace offerings, which shall be offered to the Lord:
If he offers it for a thanksgiving offering, with the thanksgiving sacrifice he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with oil; and unleavened coscorons mixed with oil; and the cakes mixed with oil shall be fried, of fine flour.
With the cakes he shall offer for his offering leavened bread, with the thanksgiving sacrifice of his peace offering.
And of all the offering he shall offer a portion for a heave offering to the LORD, which shall be for the priest who sprinkles the blood of the peace offering.
But the flesh of the sacrifice of thanksgiving of his peace offering shall be eaten on the day of his offering; nothing will be left of her until the morning.
And if the sacrifice of his offering is vow, or freewill offering, on the day he offers his sacrifice it shall be eaten; and what remains of it shall also be eaten the next day;
And what remains of the flesh of the sacrifice on the third day shall be burned with fire.
For if the flesh of his peace offering is eaten on the third day, he who offered it shall not be accepted, nor shall it be imputed to him; it shall be an abominable thing, and the person who eats of it shall bear his iniquity.
And flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten; with fire it shall be burned; but of other flesh, whatever is clean, he shall eat of it.
But if anyone eats the flesh of the sacrifice of peace offerings, which is the Lord's, while his uncleanness is upon him, that person shall be cut off from among his people.
And if a person touches anything unclean, such as the uncleanness of man, or unclean cattle, or any unclean abomination, and eats the flesh of the peace offering, which is the Lord's, that person shall be cut off from his people.
Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
He speaks to the children of Israel, saying, You shall not eat the fat of an ox, or of a ram, or of a goat;
But the fat of a dead body, and the fat of one torn by wild beasts, may be used for every work, but you shall by no means eat it;
For whoever eats the fat of the animal, of which an offering made by fire is offered to the Lord, the person who eats it shall be cut off from his people.
And you shall not eat any blood in any of your dwellings, whether of fowl or of cattle.
Whoever eats any blood, that person will be cut off from his people.
The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying:
Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Whoever offers his peace offering to the Lord shall bring his offering to the Lord his peace offering.
Their own hands shall bring the offerings made by fire to the Lord; the fat of the breast with the breast shall bring to wave it for a wave offering before the Lord.
And the priest shall burn the fat on the altar, but the breast shall be for Aaron and his sons.
Also the right shoulder you shall give to the priest for a heave offering of your peace sacrifices.
He of the sons of Aaron who offers the blood of the peace offering and the fat, he shall have the right shoulder for his portion;
For the waved breast and the raised shoulder I took from the children of Israel of their peace offerings, and gave them to Aaron the priest and to his sons, for a perpetual ordinance of the children of Israel.
This is Aaron's portion and the portion of his sons from the Lord's offerings made by fire, from the day he presented them to minister in the priest's office to the Lord.
What the Lord commanded to be given them from among the children of Israel in the day that he anointed them; perpetual statute is for their generations.
This is the law of the burnt offering, the meat offering, and the sin offering, and the trespass offering, and the consecration offering, and the peace offering,
Which the Lord commanded Moses on Mount Sinai, on the day when he commanded the children of Israel to offer their offerings to the Lord in the wilderness of Sinai.

Leviticus 7:1-38



After this detailed explanation, nothing authorizes what was later written by the disciples and apostles after the death of Christ, which never authenticated. 


Roberto da Silva Rocha, professor universitário e cientista político

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