quarta-feira, 28 de setembro de 2022

Kakalakalakala

ʻO Roberto da Silva Rocha, ke kaukaʻi kulanui a me ka ʻepekema politika
Kakalakalakala

ʻAʻole ia he kikokikona e pili ana i ka capitalism akā he kikokikona e pili ana i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe he capitalism a ʻo ka mea a lākou e ʻōlelo ʻole ai he capitalism.
ʻAʻole i hānau ʻia ʻo Capitalism ma kahi a i kekahi manawa o ka mōʻaukala, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia a ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole i manaʻo maikaʻi ʻia, akā ua loaʻa i ka hopena moʻomeheu nui ma hope o ka poʻe kākau a me nā mea noʻonoʻo e like me ka poʻe socialist a me nā pre-socialists e like me Rousseau i hoʻomaka e pili i ka kapitalisme. ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana kaiapili, ʻaʻole ia, a ʻaʻole loa, no laila ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka capitalism a hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia e Heinrich Karl Marx ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana kaiapuni-kaʻina a me ke kuleana no ka pōʻino o ka poʻe a me ka hewa o ke kanaka, ʻoiai he ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka capitalism ʻaʻole a ʻaʻole ia he ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana kaiapili, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manaʻo.

Ua kūkulu ʻo Heinrich i kahi manaʻo hoʻolei ma luna o ka kapitalism e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia a no laila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai i nā ʻano anathemas a me nā pseudo theorems i hui pū ʻia i kahi kumumanaʻo a me kahi manaʻo e pili ana i ka socialism a me ka komunism e like me ka paradox o ka capitalism, no laila pono ʻo ia e hana i nā mea hana. nā manaʻo aʻoaʻo a hana i kahi papa hana hoʻolālā e pili ana i kāna heluhelu ʻana a me kāna moʻolelo e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana i kapa ʻia ʻo kapitalism.
No ke aha ʻaʻole ʻo ka kapitalisme he ʻōnaehana pilikanaka, politika a waiwai paha?
Me ka hana ʻole ʻana i kahi loiloi bibliographic koʻikoʻi e like me ia i loko o ka puke aʻu i kākau ai e pili ana i ka capitalism, e hōʻuluʻulu wau i kēia ʻōlelo me ka haʻi wale ʻana i nā kumu o ka capitalism mōʻaukala.
No ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai a me nā lawelawe, no ka mea, he nui nā hypotheses i manaʻo ʻia he priori, ʻoiai ka mea i hana ʻia i ke kākau ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana helu i wehewehe ʻia ma ke kumumanaʻo o nā helu e pili ana i kekahi o nā kumuhana i aʻo ʻia. i nā haumāna Matematika.
Ke ʻae nei mākou me ka ʻole o nā helu, me ka ʻole o ke kākau ʻana a me ka makemakika ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kapikala ke ola, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hele ʻana i loko o kā mākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i kahi i hele mai ai ke kapikala.
No laila, e noʻonoʻo ʻoe ma kekahi mokupuni, a i ʻole ma kekahi pae ʻāina mamao loa mai ʻEulopa, a i ʻole ma kahi ʻohana ʻōiwi i loko o ka ululāʻau Amazon, lawaiʻa nā kānaka, ʻohi hua a me nā meaʻai i loko o kā lākou māla liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻana e kiʻi i nā mea hale a me nā mea hana a me nā mea kaua. no ka hahai holoholona, ​​ʻo ka nīnau: pehea e hoʻonohonoho ai kēia kaiāulu liʻiliʻi i kāna ʻōnaehana mākeke no nā huahana a me nā lawelawe?
ʻAe, ʻo ka Potlach a me ka Kulla nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua i ʻike ʻia e kahi anthropologist ma nā mokupuni ʻo Trobliand i hoʻowalewale iā lākou no nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ia nā hana pono no nā kamaʻāina a pau i kēlā me kēia mahina kahi e hele ai nā mea a pau mai nā kauhale i ka hale kūʻai nui e hoʻololi i nā mea. , a me na wahine, hana kekahi i na waa, hana kekahi i na ipuhao, hana kekahi i na lole a me na kamaa, a hana kekahi i na koi, a ua koi na mea a pau e kuai i ka lakou mau waiwai ma ka aha.
Ma ka ʻohana ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka Amazon, ua helu ka poʻe India i ʻelua, ʻike lākou i loko o kā lākou ʻōnaehana helu ʻelua wale nō huahelu: ʻo ka huahelu 1 a me ka huahelu 2. ʻO nā mea ma luna aʻe he pau ʻole!
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka huahelu zero e ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka wā i hōʻea ai ʻo Amerigo Vespucci i ʻAmelika a i ka wā i hōʻea ai ʻo Vasco da Gama i Inia, no laila ua ʻike ka poʻe India i ka huahelu zero a me nā Mayan i ka wā i hiki mua ai ka poʻe ʻEulopa i Mexico!
ʻO ke ʻano o ke ala i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana helu i hele lōʻihi loa e hoʻokumu ʻia i ka moʻomeheu kanaka, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho mau ʻia ma ke ʻano kūpono e like me ia i kēia lā ma kahi kūlana kūlana ma ka mana o ka ʻumi unahi, aia nā lula. no ka helu ʻana i ʻeono i loko o ʻeono, nā pākēneka o ke kanaono, a me ka ʻumikumamālua, i kēia mau lā, koe naʻe ʻo ʻAmelika a me Beretania Nui, me kā lākou ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā ʻīniha, nā galani, nā wāwae, nā mile, makemake mākou a pau i ka ʻōnaehana decimal o nā ana a helu. .
No laila pono ka capitalism e hele pū me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā helu, ka hana ʻana o nā hana algebraic, hoʻohui, unuhi, māhele, mana, aʻa, algebraic equations e kākoʻo i ka ʻike nui loa o ka ʻoihana ʻo ia ka pāʻani pālua o ka ʻepekema helu, i ka Renaissance. , a laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana i ʻike mua ʻia ma Kina a ua hōʻea i ke Komohana e ʻōlelo ai ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻōnaehana kapitalista maikaʻi.
Ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana o ka hui kaiaulu a me ka politika mai nā ʻohana, a i nā aupuni, no ka manawa mua e ʻike i ka hana kauā, a me ka hana hoʻoluhi, a laila uku ʻia ka hana i uku ʻia me ka paʻakai, a i ʻole nā ​​kālā gula i kūpono i kona kaumaha. he ʻōnaehana helu mea a me ka hoʻololi ʻana e pono ai kahi kuhikuhi maʻamau.
No laila, no ke koho ʻana i kekahi mea i hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma waena o nā kānaka, ʻaʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka waʻa i ke koi, ua lawa ke kālā gula a me ke kālā a me ke keleawe.
ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu No ka hoʻopunipuni ʻana i ke kālā no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka waiwai i kahakaha ʻia ma luna o ia mea akā ʻo kona kaumaha, no laila ʻaʻole ʻē aʻe nā kālā he mea kūʻai aku i nā huahana a me nā mea kūʻai aku.
ʻEhia ka nui o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana a pehea ka lōʻihi o ka poʻe e ʻae i kahi pepa ʻeleʻele i kākau ʻia e hiki ai i kēlā ʻāpana pepa ke pani i ke kālā kālā? He manaʻo paha ʻoe no ke aha e ʻae ai ke kanaka i kahi ʻāpana pepa i kūʻai aku i ka waʻa, a i ke koʻi, a i hale paha, a i ʻohana pipi paha, ʻo ia pepa i kapa ʻia ke kālā?
ʻAʻohe oʻu manaʻo pehea i maʻa ai ka poʻe i ka ʻae ʻana i kahi ʻāpana pepa i kākau ʻia me kahi helu i mea pani no ka ʻōnaehana hoʻololi kālā gula.
No laila, ʻo ka kapitalism, i wehewehe ʻia e Karl Marx e like me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho o nā pūʻali koa a me ka manaʻo a me ka mokuʻāina ke kuleana no ka ʻilihune o ka poʻe i ka capitalism e like me ke kuleana o ke kai no nā kaua i kaua ʻia ma ke kai e nā moku kaua!
ʻO ke kapikala he hui kālā wale nō e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kapikala he waiwai iā ia iho, he ʻaelike wale nō ia e hiki ke uhaʻi ʻia e ka pōʻino a i ka wā e hiki mai ai ka inflation a i ʻole stagflation, no ka mea, hilinaʻi mākou i ke kālā pepa, akā he nui. Hiki i nā kānaka a me nā hui ke hana i kā lākou mālama kālā ʻaʻole wale ma ke kālā, akā ma nā poʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe e like me: ke gula, ke kālā, nā inoa waiwai, nā patent, nā mea kaua, ka ʻike, a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka capitalism no ka like ʻole o ka nohona. nā mīkini makeke kālā.


Roberto da Silva Rocha, professor universitário e cientista político

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