ʻO Kauka Paulo Taffner a me ka Demokalaka o ka Balota

ʻO Kauka Paulo Taffner a me ka Demokalaka o ka Balota

Ma kāna noiʻi i mālama ʻia ma IPEA a paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana e IPEA, hōʻike ʻo Taffner, ma o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka mea huna maikaʻi loa o ka ʻAha Kūkākūkā o ka Repubalika Federative o Brazil i ka makahiki 1988, aia kahi ʻano ʻāpana i hoʻopuka i ka mahele politika i ka hōʻike ʻana o ka heluna kanaka aupuni ma o ke koho balota ʻana.

Pehea ke ʻano o ka mahele ʻana o nā noho ma ka ʻAhaʻōlelo Lahui ma nā hale pekelala ʻelua, ʻo ke Keʻena a me ka Senate, kahi e paʻa ai ka hapa nui o nā noho ma nā ʻāpana ʻĀkau a me ka Hikina ʻĀkau, he kanahākumamālima senatoa a me ʻelua haneri kanalimakumamāono mau ʻelele pekelala, mai ka huina o kanawalukūmākahi senatoa pekelala, a me kahi quorum o ʻelima haneri a me kumamākolu mau noho no nā ʻelele pekelala, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka ʻāina i ʻelua mau ʻāpana kūʻē like ʻole kahi e hana ai ka Hema me ka Hikina Hema a me Midwest i kahi sub-federation ma ke kūʻē politika i nā mokuʻāina e kū nei ma nā ʻāpana ʻĀkau a me ka Hikina ʻĀkau?

ʻO nā lula o ka ʻōnaehana institutionalist, e like me nā kumumanaʻo o Shepsle lāua ʻo Mc Kelvey, kahi e lanakila ai ka mana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana ma luna o ka mana politika, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau ʻōnaehana paʻa kēia mau ʻōnaehana e ʻoi aku ma mua o nā kauoha pōkole o nā poʻe kālai'āina, a ma hope e paʻa ana i nā kūlana ma ka hoʻokele aupuni.

Ma kēia hihia, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻelele pāremata e like me nā makemake ʻāpana koʻikoʻi a me nā kūlike ʻole o ka mōʻaukala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka noho ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala waiwai, ka hui pū ʻana o nā aniau ʻokoʻa a ʻino, a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Hōʻike kēia mau mea a pau i ka hoʻokūkū a me ka hoʻokūkū i ka hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā aupuni.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano o ke koho balota ʻana ma ka pāremata i loko o nā poloka pāʻina, a ke kāohi nei nā ʻaoʻao i ka kūpaʻa o nā balota o nā pāremata.

He kūpono wale nō ke koho balota a ka mea koho balota i loko o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana i hōʻike ʻia e: nā ʻaoʻao politika, nā poloka pāʻina, a me ka ʻelele ultra-regional.

No laila, ʻo ke koho balota ʻana no nā moho i ʻokoʻa mai ko lākou ʻaoʻao politika e hoʻopilikia i ka makemake o ka mea koho balota no ka mea ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ke ʻano maoli o ka hoʻoholo politika e pili ana i nā balota pāʻina, nā poloka politika, a me ka helu helu o nā ʻelele mokuʻāina e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ke kumu o ka ʻahaʻōlelo.

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka algorithm i mea e emi ai ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka o nā mokuʻāina nui loa ma nā ʻāpana Hema, Hikina Hema, a me Midwest e pili ana i ke koena o ka heluna kanaka Brazil, no laila e kaupalena ana i ka nui o nā ʻelele pekelala i kanahiku, a e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka liʻiliʻi he ʻewalu mau ʻelele pekelala.

He palena no ka heluna kanaka o São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, a me Minas Gerais, a me kahi papahele haʻahaʻa no Acre, Amapá, Rondônia, Roraima, Sergipe, a me Alagoas, nona ka ultra-representation, ʻoiai ʻo nā mokuʻāina nui e emi ana ka ʻelele ma ka ʻahaʻōlelo.

Roberto da Silva Rocha, professor universitário e cientista político